Electron Acceleration and Bunch Generation by Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulse in Preplasma of a Target

We present analytical studies of electron acceleration in the low-density preplasma of a thin solid target by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Electrons in the preplasma are trapped and accelerated by the ponderomotive force as well as the wake field. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that when the laser pulse is stopped by the target, electrons trapped in the laser pules can be extracted and move forward inertially. The energeticelectron bunch in the bubble is unaffected by the reflected pulse and passes through the target with small energy spread and emittance. There is an optimal preplasma density for the generation of the monoenergetic electron bunch if a laser pulse is given. The maximum electron energy is inverse proportion to the preplasma density.     

卫星搭载紫花苜蓿种子的拉曼光谱分析

为了了解卫星搭载对紫花苜蓿种子化学特性的影响,揭示空间诱变机理,文章利用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法对卫星搭载当代的紫花苜蓿种子进行了研究。结果表明,与地面对照相比,飞行组在358和553 cm-1处的峰强增加,814,1 122,1 531,1 743 cm-1处的峰强降低,通过谱带归属发现,增强的358和553 cm-1分别与DNA和Ca2+有关,降低的4个峰与糖类、脂类有关。这说明经过卫星搭载后,苜蓿种子的DNA和Ca2+的量出现增加趋势,糖类与脂类的量出现降低趋势。其可能原因是(1)种子主动修复诱变产生的DNA损伤时,消耗部分贮存能量所致;(2)空间飞行过程中的超重导致种子细胞内的Ca2+ 浓度升高;(3)飞行因子导致种子提前萌发,DNA大量合成与复制,种子储藏的能量提前降解消耗。这一结果将对苜蓿空间诱变机理研究有重要参考价值。     

Ultra-high order harmonic generation via a free electron laser mechanism

In this paper,by using the"frequency up-conversion"principle with a high gain harmonic generation free electron laser and an external seed laser,we consider the possibility of modulating a relativistic electron beam on the attosecond scale,so that it can produce coherent spontaneous radiation from the deep ultraviolet to the hard X-ray spectral region with a very short radiator.Analytical estimation and three-dimensional numerical modeling show the great potential to reach ultra-high harmonics up to several thousand.For an electron bunch with the typical quality as in the free electron laser scheme and a seed laser with 800 nm wavelength,0.8 nm attosecond trains with alterable duration and GW scale peak power are modeled.The output radiation exhibits good shot-to-shot stability,full coherence and perfect tuning ability between the discrete harmonics of the seed frequency.     

Three dimensional study of harmonic operation at the Shanghai deep ultraviolet free electron laser

With the right choice of parameters in the free electron laser (FEL) scheme, the undulator can be primarily operated at high order harmonic modes and the harmonic radiation is expected to be significantly enhanced. Recently, the possibility of proof-of-principle harmonic operation experiments on the basis of the Shanghai deep ultraviolet (SDUV) FEL test facility has been studied. In this paper, the principle of harmonic operation, three dimensional numerical approaches, and detailed performances of proposed harmonic operation at SDUV FEL are presented.     

次卟啉的新方法制备及其金属配合物的合成

研究了次氯化血红素在乙酸酐、氢溴酸体系中脱铁制备次卟啉的新方法。 考察了反应时间、温度以及乙酸酐和氢溴酸与次氯化血红素的比例对反应产率的影响,讨论了其脱铁机理。 实验结果表明,当次氯化血红素与氢溴酸和乙酸酐的摩尔比为1∶6.3∶61.2,温度为100 ℃,反应2 h时,脱铁产率高达96.3%。 合成了一系列金属次卟啉配合物,考察了溶剂对卟啉配合金属难易程度及金属离子对卟啉S带和Q带的影响。 用电喷雾串联质谱（ESI-MS-MS）、UV-Vis和IR表征了目标产物的结构。     

含硅二烃基锡(Ⅳ)单羧酸配合物的合成与结构表征

含硅二烃基锡氧化物与相应的取代苯甲酸以1:1的物质量的比进行反应,合成了5个新的含硅二烃基锡单羧酸配合物.通过IR、1HNMR、13C NMR和元素分析对它们的结构进行了表征.生物活性测定的初步结果表明,目标化合物[( Me3SiCH2)2SnOCOC6H4CH3-p]2对肺癌细胞A549和肠癌细胞SW480有较好的体外抑制活性.     

Simple Scheme for Realizing the General Conditional Phase Shift Gate and aSimulation of Quantum Fourier Transform in Circuit QED

We propose a theoretical scheme for realizing the generalconditional phase shift gate of charge qubits situated in ahigh-Q superconducting transmission line resonator. Thephase shifting angle can be tuned from 0 to 2π by simplyadjusting the qubit-resonator detuning and the interaction time.Based on this gate proposal, we give a detailed procedure toimplement the three-qubit quantum Fourier transform withcircuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). A careful analysis of thedecoherence sources shows that the algorithm can be achieved with ahigh fidelity using current circuit QED techniques.     

HPLC Fingerprint with Multi-components Analysis for Quality Consistency Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Si-Mo-Tang Oral Liquid Preparation

Si-Mo-Tang(SMT) oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA). Additionally, six components (naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate) in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-(ethoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.     

整体式固相微萃取搅拌棒-分光光度法测定孔雀石绿

以开发新型吸附萃取搅拌棒为目的,利用环氧树脂、二乙基三胺和聚乙二醇（PEG 1540）通过原位逐步聚合反应制备了内封磁芯的搅拌棒.以孔雀石绿（MG）为目标分析物,详细优化了该搅拌棒吸附萃取的实验条件.在搅拌棒转速为450r？min-1和pH值为7的条件下吸附30min,然后用体积比为7：3的乙腈：乙酸铵缓冲溶液（pH 4~5）作为解吸液解吸20min.以紫外-可见分光光度计为检测手段,测定解吸液中MG的含量.该方法在0.01~5μg？mL-1的浓度范围呈现较好的线性关系,精密度和回收率较为满意.     

能量法研究矩形填充多孔材料夹芯层面内等效模量

多孔材料作为一种新材料体系被大量运用于航空航天等领域,其夹层结构是大型风力发电机叶片的重要组成元件.为了节省生产成本、提高产品质量和结构安全性,以及对叶片的设计、改造和优化,其夹层结构夹芯层的等效力学参数研究是十分必要的.目前对于夹芯中填充其他材料的分析大多是忽略了填充材料带来结构性能的影响.本文针对矩形填充多孔材料夹芯层的特点,提出了十字填充模型,接着从能量的角度出发,推导出矩形填充材料夹芯层面内等效模量,并将能量法推导出的结果和从变形分析角度得出的结果进行对比,得到两种方法的计算结果完全一致的结论,从而验证了能量法的合理性,为将来深入研究矩形填充材料夹层结构的其他等效参数提供理论依据,也为叶片结构的改造和优化提供技术支持.